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High Blood Pressure: The Healthy Lifestyle Approach
January 26, 2010, 05:14
High Blood Pressure: The Healthy Lifestyle Approach High blood pressure (also referred to as Hypertension) is a health condition that significantly…
High Blood Pressure Drugs
May 16, 2010, 13:15
The Medications There are many different medications used to treat high blood pressure. These drugs are prescribed by your Doctor when other methods are…
High Blood Pressure
October 31, 2010, 03:26
Your heart is the hardest working muscle in your body. No bigger than a fist, this powerful pump circulates blood throughout your entire body, providing the…
The disease
October 31, 2010, 04:12
Healthy blood pressure Before we can understand the harmful problems related to high blood pressure, it is important to have a basic understanding of how a…
Site Map
August 26, 2010, 02:05
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Blog Posts

Category: Uncategorized (14)
- Angioedema by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 05:08
  Description of Medical Condition • Dermal (subcutaneous or submucosal) extravasation of fluid, leading to localized edema. Release of inflammatory vasoactive…
- Anadin Extra soluble (Aspirin, Paracetamol and Caffeine) by: Cardiologist
  May 14, 2011, 00:50
  Anadin Extra soluble contains Aspirin, Paracetamol and Caffeine 1. What your medicine is and what it is used for Each tablet contains: 300 mg of Aspirin BP,…
- Hypertension Management. Part 2 by: Cardiologist
  May 5, 2011, 09:57
  Cardiovascular Disease Risk Hypertension prevalence increases as the population ages. Persons who are normotensive at age 55 have a 90% lifetime risk of…
- Monitoring of Blood Pressure: Patient Counseling by: Cardiologist
  May 3, 2011, 08:35
  Whether the patient is purchasing a home BP monitor on recommendation of a healthcare provider or on his or her own initiative, patient education should be…
- Hypertension Management Part 4 by: Cardiologist
  February 15, 2010, 02:20
  Special Situations Hypertension treatment is similar for all demographic groups, but socioeconomic factors and lifestyle can constitute barriers to blood…
- Hypertension Management Part 3 Pharmacologic Treatment by: Cardiologist
  February 13, 2010, 02:18
  Complications of hypertension can be effectively reduced by lowering blood pressure (BP) with agents from several classes of drugs, or combinations. Most…
- Hypertension Management. Part 1 by: Cardiologist
  February 9, 2010, 02:04
  In just five months' time, the Executive Committee and writing teams for the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation…
- Monitoring of Blood Pressure: Issues in Self-Measurement of Blood Pressure by: Cardiologist
  February 5, 2010, 16:29
  Why has home blood pressure monitoring not become as widely accepted by healthcare providers as home blood glucose monitoring? A number of issues in self-measur…
- Monitoring of Blood Pressure: Benefits of Home Monitoring by: Cardiologist
  February 3, 2010, 16:26
  The role of home blood pressure monitoring in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension is not yet fully delineated. In JNC VI, it is recognized that home…
- Monitoring of Blood Pressure: Alternative Site Measurement by: Cardiologist
  February 1, 2010, 16:26
  Alternative Site Measurement Manufacturers have developed blood pressure monitors that work on the wrist and the finger. These devices are gaining popularity…
- Monitoring of Blood Pressure: Types of Self-Monitors by: Cardiologist
  January 29, 2010, 13:59
  Mercury Although the mercury sphygmomanometer is still considered the most accurate device for clinical use, it is generally not practical for home use. The…
- Monitoring of Blood Pressure: Measurement of Blood Pressure by: Cardiologist
  January 28, 2010, 04:57
  Blood pressure can be monitored at the healthcare practitioner's office (or clinic) with a standard sphygmomanometer, throughout the day and night with a…
- Monitoring of Blood Pressure: Hypertension Morbidity and Mortality by: Cardiologist
  January 27, 2010, 02:56
  Hypertension in adults traditionally has been defined as having a systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure…
- Monitoring of Blood Pressure by: Cardiologist
  January 26, 2010, 05:14
  The number of patients monitoring their blood pressures at home is growing. A survey measuring attitudes about home health monitoring found that 22% of…
Category: Antihypertensive Drugs (23)
- Centrally Acting Antihypertensive Drugs by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:35
  The centrally acting antihypertensive drugs are one of the oldest classes still in use for the treatment of hypertension. As a group, their common and…
- Selective A1-Blockers by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:34
  A1-Adrenergic blockers (prazosin/Minipress, terazosin/Hytrin, and doxazosin/Cardura) are approved antihypertensive drugs with a generally favorable profile of…
- Telmisartan by: Cardiologist
  November 22, 2010, 02:03
  Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: BIBR-277; BIBR-277-SE; Telmisartán; Telmisartaani; Telmisartan; Telmisartanum BAN: Telmisartan USAN: Telmisartan INN:…
- Nicardipine Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  September 30, 2010, 02:27
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms:…
- Nimodipine by: Cardiologist
  September 28, 2010, 02:20
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Nisoldipine by: Cardiologist
  September 26, 2010, 02:11
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Nitrendipine by: Cardiologist
  September 24, 2010, 01:40
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Verapamil Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  September 21, 2010, 02:53
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: CP-16533-1…
- Lovastatin by: Cardiologist
  August 11, 2010, 00:05
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Antihypertensive agents. Class by: Cardiologist
  June 10, 2010, 02:30
  There are 12 major classes of drugs that are used as oral antihypertensive drugs, and these include drugs that act centrally and those that work in the…
- Antihypertensive agents by: Cardiologist
  June 8, 2010, 02:27
  A 50-year-old man presents for follow-up of his hypertension. He is maintaining a low-sodium diet, exercising regularly, and taking metoprolol at maximum…
- β-Blockers by: Cardiologist
  June 2, 2010, 12:51
  Class / Subclass / Drug (brand name) Usual Dose Range, mg / day Daily Frequency Cardioselective Atenolol (Tenormin) 25-100 1 Beta…
- Calcium Channel Blockers by: Cardiologist
  May 31, 2010, 12:41
  Class / Subclass / Drug (brand name) Usual Dose Range, mg / day Daily Frequency Dihydropyridines Amlodipine (Norvasc) 2.5-10 1 Fe…
- ARBs by: Cardiologist
  May 29, 2010, 12:35
  Angiotensin II receptor blockers Class / Subclass / Drug (brand name) Usual Dose Range, mg / day Daily Frequency Candesarran (Atacand) 8-32…
- ACE Inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  May 27, 2010, 12:30
  Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Class / Subclass / Drug (brand name) Usual Dose Range, mg / day Daily Frequency Benazepril (Lotensin) …
- Diuretics by: Cardiologist
  May 25, 2010, 12:19
  Class / Subclass / Drug (brand name) Usual Dose Range, mg / day Daily Frequency Thiazides Chlorthalidone (Hygroton) 12.5-25 1 Hydroch…
- BP of 190/100 by: Cardiologist
  April 30, 2010, 07:20
  Question from a Sukas My wife, age 58, has BP of 190/100. Is taking Tenormin 100 mg daily. Dear Sukas, Assuming she has essential hypertension, i.e. no…
- Inderal 40mg/5ml Oral Solution by: Cardiologist
  April 26, 2010, 04:47
  Propranolol hydrochloride 1. What Is Inderal Oral Solution and what it is used for 2. Before you take Inderal Oral Solution 3. How to take Inderal Oral…
- Irbesartan (Avapro) for Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  April 23, 2010, 00:56
  Irbesartan (Avapro / Sanofi Pharmaceuticals), an angiotensin receptor antagonist, approved for marketing in the USA. Along with losartan and valsartan,…
- Vanlev Drug for Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  April 11, 2010, 00:21
  Brand Name: Vanlev Active Ingredient: omapatrilat Indication: Treatment of hypertension Company Name: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Introduction The most…
- Coreg (Carvedilol) for Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  March 27, 2010, 10:01
  The FDA has granted marketing approval for Smithkline BeechamХs multi-action beta-blocker carvedilol (Coreg) for the treatment of essential hypertension given…
- Antihypertensive Losartan (Cozaar) by: Cardiologist
  March 22, 2010, 12:21
  Merck's antihypertensive losartan - marketed as a single agent in Cozaar and combined with hydrochlorothiazide in Hyzaar - was the first angiotensin II…
- Lexxel for Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  March 20, 2010, 01:44
  Although 14 million Americans are now being treated for hypertension, some estimates indicate that approximately 3 million remain poorly controlled. For some…
Category: Treatment of Hypertension (32)
- Measuring the Benefits of Antihypertensive Treatment by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:16
  Not only physicians and scientists, but also governmental agencies and health insurers are finding it important to use objective measurements of the benefits…
- Should Treatment Differ in African-American and Caucasian Patients? by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:14
  Should treatment differ in African-Americans and Caucasians? The answer is yes and no. Yes, the choice of initial monotherapy should differ in hypertensive…
- Problems of Treatment Compliance and Polypharmacy by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:13
  It is well recognized that it is the physician's responsibility to diagnose when hypertension is present, to rule out remediable causes, and to prescribe…
- How to Monitor Progress in Hypertensive Patients by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:05
  Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is remarkably increased…
- Monitoring Adequacy of Blood Pressure Control by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:05
  Treatment should be targeted to lower blood pressure levels to below 140/90 inmHg in all patients, and below 130/85 mmHg in diabetic patients and those with…
- Monitoring Laboratory Parameters by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:04
  The frequency of laboratory follow-up depends on baseline laboratory values, associated medical problems and risk factors, and type of drugs used. If a…
- Rationale for Low-Dose Combination Therapy in Cardiovascular Risk Management by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:02
  Data from recent studies have reconfirmed the importance of aggressive blood pressure control in protecting hypertensive patients from target organ…
- Side Effect Profile by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:01
  The side effects associated with antihypertensive agents remain the most important cause of poor patient compliance. It is crucial and almost always possible…
- Benefits of low-dose combination therapy by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:00
  The concept behind low-dose combination therapy is to combine two complementary antihypertensive agents in order to achieve an additive effect on blood…
- Managing an Inadequate Response to the First Agent by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:58
  Changing Doses or Drugs, Adding Drugs Less than 50% of patients respond to the initial choice of antihypertensive therapy. Some consideration should be given…
- Choosing the First Agent by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:52
  Hypertension is an asymptomatic disease that we frequently render symptomatic with our recommended lifestyle modifications and anti-hypertensive…
- Considerations for initial therapy based on gender by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:51
  Men and women appear to benefit equally with more intensive control of blood pressure in reducing the risk for cardiovascular end points. Men appear to have…
- Considerations for initial therapy in patients with renal disease by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:49
  Patients with renal disease frequently have increased blood volume and increased peripheral vascular resistance. Excess blood volume is more common in…
- Starting Hypertension Treatment by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:47
  Setting Targets Guidelines on when to start antihypertensive treatment have been published recently. The Sixth Joint National Committee on the Prevention,…
- Drug Antihypertensive Therapy: Choosing the Best Drug, by: Cardiologist
  May 2, 2011, 08:12
  Choosing the best drug for a particular patient Whichever approach you use in beginning (or changing) antihypertensive therapy, you should evaluate your…
- Treating hypertension: the drugs and the patients. Discussion by: Cardiologist
  April 8, 2010, 08:08
  Our results agree with others in the literature in suggesting that clinical practice guidelines on pharmacologic treatment of hypertension are not being…
- Treating hypertension: the drugs and the patients. Results by: Cardiologist
  April 5, 2010, 05:50
  Patient characteristics are presented in Table 2. Mean age of subjects was 67.2 years (range 25 to 93 years; median 68 years). Mean duration of hypertension…
- Treating hypertension: the drugs and the patients. Method by: Cardiologist
  April 2, 2010, 08:08
  Hypertension is among the most frequently encountered health problems in primary care. The many clinical practice guidelines for hypertension have been…
- Hypertension in Diabetes Patients by: Cardiologist
  March 16, 2010, 01:42
  Hypertension should be treated aggressively in diabetic patients, especially if there is evidence of renal disease. Hypertension is a "silent" disease with no…
- Drug Treatment of Hypertension: Initiating Drug Therapy by: Cardiologist
  March 5, 2010, 01:52
  Initiating drug therapy (management strategies) At our institution, we take the following approach. In the absence of specific indications or contraindications…
- Drug Antihypertensive Therapy: Factors - Concomitant Medical Conditions by: Cardiologist
  March 4, 2010, 11:48
  Common medical conditions co-existing with hypertension may affect the choice of drug. In non-insulin-dependent diabetes, thiazide diuretics can aggravate…
- Drug Antihypertensive Therapy: Factors - Possibility of Pregnancy, Age and Race by: Cardiologist
  March 3, 2010, 11:47
  Possibility of Pregnancy There is no one drug that is automatically indicated to gradually reduce maternal blood pressure. It is recommended practice to use…
- Drug Antihypertensive Therapy: Factors - Quality of life, Cost by: Cardiologist
  March 2, 2010, 01:45
  Quality of life Obviously, the less a drug interferes with a patient's intellectual functioning, sexual performance, and sense of well-being, the better.…
- Drug Treatment of Hypertension: Stepped Care by: Cardiologist
  February 27, 2010, 01:28
  Stepped care versus individualized care In the 1960s, the stepped-care approach to the drug treatment of hypertension was introduced in large-scale clinical…
- Grug Therapy: Calcium Entry Blockers by: Cardiologist
  February 25, 2010, 01:26
  Nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem lower the level of free calcium within vascular smooth muscle cells by blocking the entry of calcium from the extracellular…
- Grug Therapy: ACE Inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  February 24, 2010, 01:25
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors lower blood pressure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II,…
- Grug Therapy: Guanethidine, Arteriolar Dilators by: Cardiologist
  February 23, 2010, 01:24
  Guanethidine Guanethidine lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral catecholamine release. It is a potent hypotensive agent but has significant adverse…
- Grug Therapy: Central Sympatholytics, Reserpine by: Cardiologist
  February 22, 2010, 01:22
  Central sympatholytics Methyldopa, clonidine, and guanabenz are thought to act on brainstem adrenoreceptors, thereby stimulating centers in the brainstem that…
- Grug Therapy: α-Blockers by: Cardiologist
  February 21, 2010, 01:20
  α-Blocking agents (prazosin, terazosin) and the combined αβ-blocker labetalol lower blood pressure by blocking postsynaptic vasoconstricting α-adrenergic…
- Grug Therapy: β-Blockers by: Cardiologist
  February 20, 2010, 01:19
  The mechanism of action of β-blockers is not completely understood. They are thought to decrease blood pressure by diminishing cardiac output and possibly by…
- Grug Therapy: Diuretics by: Cardiologist
  February 19, 2010, 01:17
  Diuretics lower blood pressure in hypervolemic patients by reducing blood volume. They may also work in patients with normal blood volume by increasing venous…
- Drug Treatment of Hypertension: Types of Grug Therapy by: Cardiologist
  February 17, 2010, 01:12
  Hypertension is an important contributor to cardiovascular disease, which accounts for about half of all deaths in Western societies. Its proper control is…
Category: Diuretics (18)
- Diuretics in Hypertension Therapy by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:25
  Diuretics have been and remain an important class of antihypertensive agents. They are a critical component of the hypertension therapeutic regimen, particularl…
- Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics Chlorothiazide by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:20
  Indication Chlorothiazide is used in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Additionally, chlorothiazide is used for the treatment of edema caused by…
- Osmotic Diuretics: Mannitol by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:20
  Indication Mannitol is used to promote diuresis in the treatment of oliguria or anuria caused by acute renal failure. Mannitol is also used to reduce…
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Acetazolamide by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:19
  Indication Acetazolamide is used to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma and as a diuretic. Acetazolamide may also be used in the treatment of hydrocephalus…
- Amiloride by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:18
  Indication Amiloride reduces potassium loss caused by other diuretics used in the management of hypertension or edema associated with congestive heart…
- Potassium-Sparing Diuretics Spironolactone by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:17
  Indication Spironolactone is used in the management of edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome. It is also…
- Metolazone by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:16
  Indication Metolazone is used in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. It is also commonly used in conjunction with a loop diuretic in the…
- Hydrochlorothiazide by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:15
  Indication Hydrochlorothiazide is used in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Additionally, hydrochlorothiazide is used for the treatment of edema…
- Loop Diuretics: Ethacrynic Acid by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:14
  Indication Ethacrynic acid is commonly used in the management of edema secondary to CHF and hepatic or renal disease. It may also be used in the treatment…
- Torsemide by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:12
  Indication Torsemide is most commonly used in the management of edema during CHF and hepatic or renal disease. It may also be used in the treatment of…
- Loop Diuretics: Bumetanide by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:07
  Indication Bumetanide is commonly used in the management of edema secondary to congestive heart failure and hepatic or renal disease. It may also be…
- Loop Diuretics: Furosemide by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:06
  Indication Furosemide is most commonly used in the management of edema during congestive heart failure and hepatic or renal disease. Frequently, it is the…
- Furosemide by: Cardiologist
  July 31, 2010, 07:19
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: Frusemide; Furosemid; Furosemida; Furosemidi; Furosemidum; Furoszemid; Furozemidas…
- Triamterene by: Cardiologist
  July 29, 2010, 07:10
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: NSC-77625; SKF-8542; Triamterén; Triamtereeni; Triamteren; Triamterenas;…
- Spironolactone by: Cardiologist
  July 27, 2010, 06:56
  (British Approved Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms:…
- Amiloride Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  July 25, 2010, 06:10
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: Amilorid…
- Indapamide by: Cardiologist
  July 23, 2010, 06:19
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Hydrochlorothiazide by: Cardiologist
  July 21, 2010, 06:30
  (British Approved Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms:…
Category: ACE Inhibitors (16)
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:31
  The introduction of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure is probably the most important advance in…
- Trandolapril by: Cardiologist
  September 17, 2010, 02:41
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Several ACE Inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  September 14, 2010, 02:24
  Spirapril Hydrochloride (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Quinapril Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  September 12, 2010, 08:20
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: CI-906 (quinapril); Quinapril, hidrocloruro de BAN: Quinapril Hydrochlor…
- Perindopril by: Cardiologist
  September 10, 2010, 08:03
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: McN-A-2833; Perindopriili; Perindopril; Perindoprilum; S-9490 BAN: Perindopril US…
- Moexipril Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  September 7, 2010, 07:53
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: CI-925;…
- Imidapril Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  September 5, 2010, 07:48
  (British Approved Name Modified, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: Imidapriilihydrokloridi;…
- Benazepril Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  September 2, 2010, 07:43
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: Benatsepri…
- Cilazapril by: Cardiologist
  July 19, 2010, 05:59
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Ramipril by: Cardiologist
  July 17, 2010, 05:54
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Fosinopril Sodium by: Cardiologist
  July 15, 2010, 05:45
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: Fosinoprii…
- Enalapril by: Cardiologist
  July 13, 2010, 04:45
  (British Approved Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms:…
- Lisinopril by: Cardiologist
  July 10, 2010, 05:26
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Captopril by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2010, 03:48
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- ACE Inhibitor Trandolapril (Mavik) Approved for Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  March 24, 2010, 02:02
  The FDA has approved a long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor - trandolapril (Mavik), marketed by Knoll Pharmaceuticals on license from…
- ACE Inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  March 13, 2010, 11:11
  In less than 15 years, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have become one of the most important classes of drugs for treating hypertension and…
Category: Book Review (3)
- A family physician's guide to cardiac drugs by: Cardiologist
  March 11, 2010, 01:32
  Drugs for the Heart (3rd ed) Dr Lionel H. Opie, WB Saunders Co, 55 Homer Ave, Toronto, ON M8Z 4X6, 1991, 302 pp This book, the title of which is…
- A Century of Arterial Hypertension 1896-1996 by: Cardiologist
  March 9, 2010, 08:53
  A Century of Arterial Hypertension 1896-1996 Ed Nicolas Postel-Vinay, 213pp • ISBN 0 471 96788 2, Chichester: Wiley, 1996 The French Society of…
- Salt, Diet and Health by: Cardiologist
  March 7, 2010, 08:38
  Salt, Diet and Health: Neptune's Poison Chalice: The Origins of High Blood Pressure. G. A. MacGregor and H. E. de Wardner. 1998. (233 pp). ISBN 0521635454…
Category: Questions & Answers (6)
- Resources by: Cardiologist
  June 18, 2011, 08:35
  American Heart Association A privately funded, non-profit health organization providing basic information, news, personal stories, and health tips on various…
- Sleep and heart disease by: Cardiologist
  December 31, 2010, 04:27
  THE QUESTION Does the amount of sleep a person gets affect the likelihood of developing heart disease? PAST STUDIES have shown that short-term sleep…
- Antihypertensive therapy and cardioprotection by: Cardiologist
  May 14, 2010, 00:54
  1. Why was there thought to be a "benign essential hypertension" in the past, and how do we now know that there's no such thing? It was compared to…
- Blood pressure regulation and body weight by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2010, 00:37
  1. What is the best kind of exercise to reduce centripetal fat quickly? Aerobic exercise. Something such as light jogging, treadmill work, heavier cycling,…
- About the effect of pregnancy on palpitations of the heart by: Cardiologist
  April 28, 2010, 04:56
  Question from Jet: I am looking for information about the effect of pregnancy on palpitations of the heart with a normal echocardiogram. Dear Jet, Palp…
- High blood pressure medications and libido by: Cardiologist
  March 18, 2010, 12:36
  Question from Richard I have tried several high blood pressure medications such as Accupril, Hytrin and Cardura all resulting with a marked decrease in…
Category: Heart Failure (2)
- Congestive Heart Failure by: Cardiologist
  November 8, 2011, 10:55
  Description of Medical Condition Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the principal complication of heart disease. It is a pathophysiologic state produced by an…
- Congestive Heart Failure by: Cardiologist
  March 30, 2010, 03:30
  Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a syndrome caused by a failing heart, with congestion in the pulmonary or systemic circulation or both. It afflicts an…
Category: Heart Disease (20)
- Cor pulmonale by: Cardiologist
  November 8, 2011, 11:23
  Description of Medical Condition Right ventricular enlargement/ dysfunction and failure caused by pulmonary hypertension (increased right ventricular…
- Complete Atrioventricular (AV) Canal by: Cardiologist
  November 8, 2011, 10:18
  Description of Medical Condition The central atrioventricular (AV) portion of the cardiac septum and the contiguous mitral and tricuspid valves are abnormal,…
- Coarctation Of The Aorta by: Cardiologist
  November 8, 2011, 09:37
  Description of Medical Condition A constriction (discrete or of varying lengths) of the aorta usually located just distal to the left subclavian artery at the…
- Cardiomyopathy End Stage by: Cardiologist
  November 8, 2011, 05:12
  Description of Medical Condition In 1988, WHO defined cardiomyopathy as "heart muscle diseases of unknown causes," but now have expanded to include diseases…
- Cardiac Tamponade by: Cardiologist
  November 8, 2011, 04:57
  Description of Medical Condition Compression of cardiac chambers by acute pressure on the heart from increased volume and pressure of the pericardial…
- Cardiac Arrest by: Cardiologist
  November 8, 2011, 04:55
  Description of Medical Condition Absence of effective mechanical cardiac activity. • This section is not a substitute for an American Heart Association…
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 09:39
  Description of Medical Condition A defect or opening in the atrial septum allowing flow of blood between the two chambers. Shunting is typically left to right…
- Atrial Fibrillation by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 09:31
  Description of Medical Condition Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a chronic or paroxysmal arrhythmia characterized by chaotic atrial electrical activity. The…
- Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 07:22
  Description of Medical Condition Arteriosclerosis is a group of diseases characterized by thickening and loss ot elasticity of the arterial walls which…
- Arterial Gas Embolism by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 07:15
  Description of Medical Condition Air released from an over-pressurized alveolus enters the pulmonary capillaries then travels through the arterial circulation…
- Arterial Embolus & Thrombosis by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 07:05
  Description of Medical Condition The acute loss of perfusion distal to an occlusion of a major artery due to an embolus which migrates to the point of…
- Aortic Valvular Stenosis by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 06:43
  Description of Medical Condition An acquired or congenital obstruction to systolic left ventricular outflow across the aortic valve System(s) affected:…
- Aortic Dissection by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 06:31
  Description of Medical Condition Intimal tear in the aorta propagated via hematoma formation causing further dissection and separation producing a false lumen…
- Angina by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 05:01
  Description of Medical Condition Symptom complex resulting from mismatch of myocardial oxygen demand and supply • Classic angina — a sense of choking…
- Aneurysm of the Abdominal Aorta by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 04:53
  Description of Medical Condition A permanent localized (i.e., focal) dilatation of the abdominal aorta having at least a 50% increase in diameter compared to…
- Cholesterol and the Heart by: Cardiologist
  May 4, 2011, 09:19
  The Scandinavian Simvastatin Trial Coronary atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, and high serum cholesterol is thought to be a…
- Managing heart disease risk in the pharmacy by: Cardiologist
  July 4, 2010, 06:19
  The modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) are generally accepted as smoking, cholesterol/lipid imbalance, hypertension, poor diet, obesity,…
- Prevention of heart disease by: Cardiologist
  July 1, 2010, 06:06
  Significance of questions and answers Assessment of an individual's risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) involves the summation of both modifiable…
- Guidelines for Cholesterol Management by: Cardiologist
  May 21, 2010, 12:17
  Anumber of clinical trials evaluating risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), including the role of lipoproteins and lipid metabolism, have…
- Protecting Against Heart Disease by: Cardiologist
  April 17, 2010, 00:34
  Alcohol, Cholesterol, and t-PA Researchers have long known that moderate drinking-one or two drinks a day-reduces the risk of heart attacks. Compared with…
Category: Hypertensive Emergency (1)
- Fenoldopan (Corlopam) for the Management of Acute Hypertensive Crisis by: Cardiologist
  April 20, 2010, 00:49
  Fenoldopam approved in the US and will be marketed by Neurex Co. It is available as 10 mg/mL ampules containing 5 mL. The drug must be diluted before…
Category: Drugs (23)
- Antihypertensive Drugs by: Cardiologist
  December 26, 2011, 11:19
  Site of action of different classes of antihypertensive drugs Antihypertensive drugs are directed against a variety of pharmacological targets in various…
- Anticoagulants by: Cardiologist
  December 26, 2011, 06:27
  Effects of anticoagulants on the coagulation cascade Coumarin (Warfarin) and the vitamin K cycle Abbreviations: glu, glutamate; gla, y-carboxyglutamate.…
- β-Adrenergic System by: Cardiologist
  December 23, 2011, 12:12
  Desensitization, internalization and recycling of β-adrenergic receptors Activation of β-adrenergic receptors causes their phosphorylation by members of…
- α-Adrenergic System by: Cardiologist
  December 23, 2011, 11:46
  Synthesis and release of noradrenaline and adrenaline from sympathetic nerve endings (left) and from the adrenal gland (right). Noradrenaline and…
- A Kinase Anchoring Proteins by: Cardiologist
  December 23, 2011, 09:26
  A Kinase Anchoring Proteins. Model of an A kinase anchoring protein. The unifying characteristic of A kinase anchoring proteins is the presence of a…
- Acebutolol by: Cardiologist
  March 14, 2011, 09:33
  Acebutolol 400mg Tablets Acebutolol 100mg and 200mg Capsules 1. What acebutolol is and what it is used for. 2. Before you take acebutolol. 3. How…
- Accuretic by: Cardiologist
  March 14, 2011, 08:51
  Accuretic™ 10/12.5mg Tablets Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide 1. What Accuretic is and what it is used for 2. Before you take…
- Accupro by: Cardiologist
  March 14, 2011, 08:40
  Accupro™ 5mg, 10mg, 20mg and 40mg Tablets Quinapril Hydrochloride 1. What Accupro is and what it is used for 2. Before you take Accupro 3. …
- Valsartan by: Cardiologist
  December 29, 2010, 21:28
  Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: CGP-48933; Valsartán; Valsartaani; Valsartan; Valsartanum BAN: Valsartan USAN: Valsartan INN: Valsartan INN: Valsartán…
- Warfarin Sodium: Uses, Preparations by: Cardiologist
  December 27, 2010, 04:22
  Uses and Administration Warfarin is a coumarin anticoagulant used in the treatment and prophylaxis of thromboembolic disorders. It acts by depressing the…
- Warfarin Sodium: Interactions by: Cardiologist
  December 23, 2010, 04:20
  Many compounds interact with warfarin and other oral anticoagulants. Details of these interactions are given below for all oral anticoagulants with different…
- Warfarin Sodium by: Cardiologist
  December 19, 2010, 04:12
  Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: Sodium Warfarin; Varfariininatrium; Varfarino natrio druska; Warfarin sodná sůl; Warfarin-nátrium; Warfarina sódica;…
- Carvedilol by: Cardiologist
  December 16, 2010, 22:37
  Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: BM-14190; Carvedilol; Carvedilolum; Karvedilol; Karvediloli; Karvedilolis BAN: Carvedilol USAN: Carvedilol INN: Carvedilol…
- Amiodarone: Uses, Preparations by: Cardiologist
  December 14, 2010, 02:15
  Uses and Administration Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic with mainly class III properties. It is used in the control of ventricular and supraventricular…
- Gemfibrozil by: Cardiologist
  December 11, 2010, 04:37
  Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: CI-719; Gemfibrotsiili; Gemfibrozil; Gemfibrozilo; Gemfibrozilum BAN: Gemfibrozil USAN: Gemfibrozil INN: Gemfibrozil INN:…
- Amiodarone: Precautions, Interactions by: Cardiologist
  December 9, 2010, 02:14
  Precautions Amiodarone should not be given to patients with bradycardia, sinoatrial block, AV block or other severe conduction disorders (unless the patient…
- Amiodarone by: Cardiologist
  December 5, 2010, 02:10
  Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: Amiodaron; Amiodaroni; Amiodaronum; L-3428; SKF-33134-A BAN: Amiodarone USAN: Amiodarone INN: Amiodarone INN: Amiodarona…
- Ticlopidine Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  November 30, 2010, 02:15
  Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: 4-C-32; 53-32C; Ticlopidina, hidrocloruro de; Ticlopidini Hydrochloridum; Tiklopidiinihydrokloridi; Tiklopidin-hydrochlorid;…
- Tenecteplase by: Cardiologist
  November 26, 2010, 02:08
  Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: TNK-tPA; Tenecteplasa BAN: Tenecteplase USAN: Tenecteplase INN: Tenecteplase INN: Tenecteplasa INN: Ténectéplase INN:…
- Sympathomimetics by: Cardiologist
  November 18, 2010, 01:57
  Adverse Effects Sympathomimetics may produce a wide range of adverse effects, generally resembling the effect of excessive stimulation of the sympathetic…
- Streptokinase: Uses. Preparations by: Cardiologist
  November 14, 2010, 01:40
  Uses and Administration Streptokinase is a thrombolytic drug derived from various streptococci. It rapidly activates endogenous plasminogen, indirectly by…
- Streptokinase by: Cardiologist
  November 11, 2010, 01:39
  Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: Estreptoquinasa; Plasminokinase; Sterptokinasum; Streptokinaasi; Streptokinas; Streptokinasum; Sztreptokináz BAN: Streptokina…
- CLONIDINE by: Cardiologist
  May 23, 2010, 13:07
  CLONIDINE (KLOE-ni-deen) Other Names for this Medication: Catapres®, Dixarit® (Brand Names) Appearance Dixarit® - small, blue, sugar coated tablets…
Category: Blood Pressure Drugs (16)
- Blood Pressure Drug, Losartan (Cozaar), May Protect Arteries From Fatty Deposits by: Cardiologist
  March 14, 2011, 08:51
  Having low cholesterol or taking cholesterol-lowering drugs reduces the risk of having a heart attack, but doesn't prevent it. The cholesterol is just one…
- Isradipine by: Cardiologist
  August 31, 2010, 02:49
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Nifedipine. Uses. Preparations by: Cardiologist
  August 28, 2010, 02:39
  Uses and Administration Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker. It is a peripheral and coronary vasodilator, but, unlike the rate-limiting…
- Nifedipine. Precautions. Interactions by: Cardiologist
  August 27, 2010, 02:37
  Precautions Nifedipine should be used with caution in patients with hypotension, in patients whose cardiac reserve is poor, and in those with heart failure…
- Nifedipine. Adverse Effects by: Cardiologist
  August 26, 2010, 01:29
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Olmesartan Medoxomil by: Cardiologist
  August 23, 2010, 01:21
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Irbesartan by: Cardiologist
  August 21, 2010, 01:14
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Terazosin Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  August 19, 2010, 01:05
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: Abbott-459…
- Doxazosin Mesilate by: Cardiologist
  August 17, 2010, 00:49
  (British Approved Name Modified, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: Doxazosin Mesylate;…
- Labetalol Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  August 15, 2010, 00:12
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: AH-5158A;…
- Methyldopa by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2010, 23:59
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Losartan Potassium by: Cardiologist
  August 9, 2010, 23:53
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: DuP-753;…
- Diltiazem Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  August 7, 2010, 23:29
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: CRD-401;…
- Prazosin Hydrochloride by: Cardiologist
  August 5, 2010, 23:14
  (British Approved Name Modified, US Adopted Name, rINNM) Drug Nomenclature INNs in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish): Synonyms: CP-12299-1…
- Atenolol by: Cardiologist
  August 3, 2010, 23:11
  (British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN) Drug Nomenclature International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and…
- Effectiveness of Blood Pressure Medications Lower in Stroke Belt by: Cardiologist
  May 4, 2010, 10:53
  Four out of six common blood pressure medicines are less effective for patients who live in the south-eastern region of the United States, an area known to…
Category: Blood Pressure (7)
- Carotid Sinus Syndrome by: Cardiologist
  November 8, 2011, 05:18
  Description of Medical Condition In carotid sinus syndrome (CSS), stimulation of one or both of the hypersensitive carotid sinuses at the bifurcation of the…
- Conclusion: Let's bring down high blood pressure by: Cardiologist
  June 18, 2011, 08:32
  We do not have to continue to let high blood pressure slowly and silently creep up on millions of people each year. This life-threatening trend can be changed…
- Reasons for uneven impact by: Cardiologist
  October 20, 2010, 04:25
  Among the other reasons for the uneven impact of high blood pressure are genetics, economics, and culture. Health research has proven that genetics is one…
- Uneven impact of high blood pressure by: Cardiologist
  October 18, 2010, 04:24
  High blood pressure does not affect all people, races, or genders alike. For example, men are more likely to develop the condition than women up to the age of…
- Rising incidence of high blood pressure by: Cardiologist
  October 16, 2010, 04:23
  Although heart disease and stroke are the first and third leading causes of death in the United States, there has been a continued reduction in the overall…
- Body weight and blood pressure regulation by: Cardiologist
  May 9, 2010, 00:35
  High blood pressure is the most common chronic disease in North America today, and perhaps the most easily prevented. It has been estimated that the excess…
- Cut the Caffeine, Protect Your Blood Pressure by: Cardiologist
  May 7, 2010, 14:29
  Drinking two to three cups of coffee elevates blood pressure and increases the body's production of a stress hormone called cortisol, studies have shown. This…
Category: Hypertension (90)
- Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 08:47
  Description of Medical Condition A peripheral arterial disease can be acute or chronic. There is obstruction or narrowing of the lumen of the aorta and its…
- Atherosclerosis by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2011, 08:41
  Description of Medical Condition The common form of arteriosclerosis in which deposits of yellowish plaques (atheromas) containing cholesterol, lipoid…
- Role of Endothelium in Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:43
  The endothelial lining of blood vessels is the one-cell-thick innermost layer and comprises endothelial cells. The endothelium plays an important role in…
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:42
  Our understanding of systemic hypertension and its vascular complications has been expanding steadily in the past two decades. This progress has refined…
- Neuroendocrine Factors by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:40
  Role of Sympathetic Nervous and Renin Angiotensin Systems Both the renin-angiotensin systemand the sympathetic nervous system (sympathetic nervous…
- Sympathetic overactivity and coronary risk in hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:39
  The authoritative meta-analysis of large antihypertensive trials by Collins et al. shows that antihypertensive therapy is fully capable of reducing strokes…
- Role of Stress in Development of Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:37
  The etiology of hypertension remains unknown, but one fact is clearly established: no single cause is responsible. High blood pressure is the end result of a…
- Environmental sources of psychologic stress by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:36
  Although blood pressure tends to rise with age, this is not an invariable phenomenon, and many societies have been described in which it remains low throughout…
- Individual differences in susceptibility to psychologic factors by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:34
  The effects that a given level of perceived stress will have on the cardiovascular system will depend to some extent on the physiologic susceptibility of the…
- Physiologic mechanisms that might mediate stress-induced hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:32
  Since the evidence that chronic stress contributes to the development of hypertension is not yet widely accepted, it is not surprising that relatively little…
- Sodium and Other Dietary Factors by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:13
  The most recent report of the Sixth Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) has…
- Genetics in Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:10
  Hypertension as a disease process was borne out of epidemiolog studies demonstrating that people with elevated blood pressure had a greater risk of developing…
- Abnormal glucose and insulin metabolism by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 09:09
  In recent years there has been growing interest in the presence of insulin resistance (syndrome X) in hypertensive patients. Multiple clinical studies have now…
- Effects of Race on Blood Pressure by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 08:58
  Hypertension is more prevalent and has an earlier onset in African Americans compared with the general population. The prevalence of the Sixth Joint National…
- Effects of Aging on Blood Pressure by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 08:57
  High blood pressure (hypertension) is the leading cause of death by way of the cardiovascular consequences of heart attack and stroke. High blood pressure…
- Treatment to Prevent Cardiovascular Events by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 08:45
  Studies Justifying the Use of Treatment to Prevent Cardiovascular Events We are now in the era of "evidence-based medicine." Although expert opinion and…
- Whether to treat older persons with hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 08:43
  Although the benefit of treating younger hypertensive patients (<69 yr) was proven by the mid-1980s, many still doubted whether there would be benefit in…
- What our goal should be for antihypertensive therapy by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 08:42
  There have been two clinical trials in hypertension that have directly addressed the question of whether we would reduce hypertension-related morbidity and…
- Which drugs or drug regimen to use to treat hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 08:41
  Because the value of treating hypertension is no longer in question, the most important remaining issue is how to do it. Although lifestyle modification can be…
- Which drugs to use by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 08:40
  Which drugs to use in subgroups of hypertensive patients Although clinical trials done specifically in hypertensive patients were unable to allow us to make…
- Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:20
  The treatment of hypertension has been strongly influenced by the results of powerful controlled clinical trials over the past three decades and the increasing…
- Antihypertensive drugs by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:19
  Diuretics General pharmacology and mechanism of action The most commonly used diuretics include thiazides and related drugs, loop diuretics, and aldosterone…
- α-Adrenergic receptor antagonists by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:15
  Pharmacology and mechanism of action Prazosin was developed as a direct-acting vasodilator (structurally related to theophyllines) but was subsequently found…
- β-Adrenergic receptor antagonists by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:14
  Pharmacology and mechanism of action Propranolol, a nonselective β1- and β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, became available in the early 1960s and quickly…
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:12
  Pharmacology and mechanisms of action The renin–angiotensin system plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume.…
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:11
  Pharmacology and mechanism of action As described above, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are useful antihypertensive drugs whose major mechanism of…
- Calcium channel blockers by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:10
  Pharmacology and mechanism of action Sustained contraction of blood vessels is a major determinant of peripheral vascular resistance. Because the intracellular…
- Direct vasodilators: hydralazine and minoxidil by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:09
  Pharmacology and mechanism of action These two agents are no more “direct” than any of the other vasodilating drugs, but they differ from the others in…
- Drug therapy by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:06
  The decision to intervene with drug therapy is influenced mainly by the extent of blood pressure elevation, evidence of target-organ damage or other cardiovascu…
- General principles of antihypertensive drug therapy by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:05
  Choice of a starting drug in the treatment of hypertension has been discussed above. If this single agent is not sufficiently efficacious, consideration should…
- Hypertension in the elderly by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:03
  Hypertension in the elderly, including isolated systolic hypertension Hypertension in the elderly is very common. There is now convincing evidence from…
- Secondary hypertension by: Cardiologist
  July 7, 2011, 10:01
  There are many causes of secondary hypertension, but curable secondary hypertension is rarely encountered (probably less than 2% of all hypertensive patients).…
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Derivatives by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 03:09
  Overview Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and derivative VIP appear to be promising new ways to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. A study conducted…
- Prostacyclin Analogues by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 03:08
  Overview Prostacyclin analogues' short half-lives have historically presented problems in respect to drug delivery. An important step forward in improving…
- Endothelin-Receptor Antagonists by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 03:07
  Overview The launch of bosentan (Actelion's Tracleer) in both the United States and Europe established a clear role for endothelin-receptor antagonists…
- Sitaxsentan by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 03:06
  Sitaxsentan (Thelin) is an orally active ET-A-selective ERA being developed by Encysive Pharmaceuticals (formerly Texas Biotechnology) for the treatment…
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 03:03
  Overview Vasodilators such as prostacyclin analogues have been the mainstay therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension for some time. Unfortunately, current…
- Pulmonary Hypertension: Emerging Therapies by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 03:02
  R&D for pulmonary hypertension is currently limited to the development of agents for pulmonary arterial hypertension, thus leaving considerable untapped…
- Pulmonary Hypertension: Nonpharmacological Approaches by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 03:01
  Lifestyle Modifications Lifestyle modifications are essential following the diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Patients are advised to eat a…
- Cardiac Glycosides by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:59
  Overview Cardiac glycosides — namely, digoxin (GlaxoSmithKline's Lanoxin/ Lanoxicaps, generics) — may be part of a treatment regimen for patients with…
- Diuretics by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:58
  Overview Diuretics are commonly used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with right-ventricular failure (e.g., those suffering from peripheral…
- Vitamin K Antagonists by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:57
  Overview For many years, experts in the pulmonary hypertension field have strongly recommended anticoagulant therapy to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension…
- Calcium-Channel Blockers by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:57
  Overview CCBs have been used to treat pulmonary hypertension, including pulmonary arterial hypertension, for many years. Randomized, controlled studies…
- Endothelin-Receptor Antagonists by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:56
  Overview The potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Increased…
- Pulmonary Hypertension: Prostacyclin Analogues by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:54
  Overview Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid and is endogenously produced by vascular endothelial cells. PGI2 is a potent…
- Epoprostenol Sodium by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:52
  Epoprostenol sodium (GlaxoSmithKline's Flolan) has been available in the United States for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic…
- Treprostinil by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:51
  The prostacyclin analogue treprostinil has two key advantages over epoprostenol: it is stable at room temperature and its half-life is longer (three to…
- Iloprost by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:50
  Iloprost is a stable analogue of epoprostenol (prostacyclin; PGI2). In contrast to epoprostenol, which must be dissolved, continuously cooled, and…
- Beraprost by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:49
  Beraprost (Kaken's Procylin, Yamanouchi's Dorner) was the first orally active prostacyclin analogue to reach the market. It has been used to treat pulmonary…
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Current Therapies by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:48
  Greater understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension has led to significant advances in therapy for this…
- Drugs and Toxins by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:46
  Appetite Suppressants The use of appetite suppressants including aminorex fumarate and fenfluramine derivatives for more than three months is associated…
- Disease by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:45
  Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection with human immunodeficiency virus has been associated with the development of pulmonary vascular diseases. The…
- Pulmonary Hypertension: Etiology by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:43
  An extensive amount of scientific research in recent years has led to the identification of a collection of risk factors and associated conditions for…
- Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:42
  The underlying pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension and, in particular, pulmonary arterial hypertension is very complex and not entirely understood.…
- Pulmonary Hypertension: Anatomy by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:39
  The Pulmonary Circulation The pulmonary circulation performs an extremely important function (FIGURE. Anatomy of the pulmonary circulatory system): it…
- Pulmonary Hypertension: Etiology and Pathophysiology by: Cardiologist
  May 12, 2011, 02:38
  Pulmonary hypertension is a very complex condition characterized by nonspecific signs and symptoms that results from multiple causes, making diagnosis…
- Angiotensin Vaccines by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:51
  Overview Patient compliance is a huge challenge for physicians. Poor compliance with antihypertensive medications is often cited as the single most common…
- Advanced Glycation End-Product Cross-Link Breakers by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:51
  Overview Isolated systolic hypertension (isolated systolic hypertension) accounts for approximately 65% of the overall incidence of uncontrolled hypertension…
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:50
  Overview ET-1 is a potent, endogenous, vasoconstricting peptide that is elevated in patients with hypertension. ET-1 acts at endothelin A (ETA) and endothelin…
- Dual Neutral Endopeptidase/Endothelin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:49
  Overview Natriuretic peptides are intimately involved in the control and regulation of blood pressure and plasma volume in the body and are degraded by…
- Neutral Endopeptidase Inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:48
  Overview The natriuretic peptides are endogenously released molecules that counteract the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. They lower…
- Vasopeptidase Inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:47
  Overview Vasopeptidase inhibitors are a novel class of agents that inhibit the zinc-containing metallopeptidases, angiotensin-converting enzyme (angiotensin-c…
- Omapatrilat by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:46
  Omapatrilat (Bristol-Myers Squibb's Vanlev) is the leading compound in the VPI class. No development has been reported since July 2002, when the FDA…
- Renin Inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:46
  Overview Since the discovery in the early 1970s of a link between levels of renin and hypertension, investigators have postulated that modulating renin…
- Hypertension: Emerging Therapies by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:44
  The current marketplace for antihypertensive therapies is crowded, but it remains highly lucrative, and the competition for market share is still high.…
- Beta Blockers by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:43
  Overview Beta blockers have been used to treat hypertension for more than three decades. These agents are useful in young hypertensive patients, who may not…
- Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Combination Therapies by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:42
  Overview Single-pill combinations of an AURA and diuretic are available in all of the major pharmaceutical markets. These combinations include losartan/hydroc…
- Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:40
  Overview AIIRAs are the most recently established class of antihyperten-sive agents. Their principal benefit over ACEIs is their relatively benign side-effect…
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Combination Therapies by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:38
  Overview A range of ACEI single-pill combination therapies, including combinations with thiazide diuretics and popular CCBs, are available in the major…
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:37
  Overview ACEIs are a popular first-line therapy for hypertension. The major benefits of this drug class are its tolerability and lack of serious side…
- Calcium-Channel Blocker/Statin Combinations by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:36
  Overview Many patients with hypertension, particularly those who have cardiovascular comorbidities, require a cocktail of pharmacotherapies to reduce…
- Calcium-Channel Blockers by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:35
  Overview Although considered contemporary agents, CCBs have been on the market for hypertension for more than 20 years. CCBs are effective as a monotherapy…
- Amlodipine by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:34
  Launched in the United States in 1996, amlodipine besylate (Pfizer's Norvasc/Amlor/Amlodin) is the top-selling agent in the antihyperten-sive marketplace…
- Nifedipine by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:33
  The FDA approved nifedipine (Pfizer's Procardia XL, Bayer's Adalat CC, generics) (Figure 11) for the treatment of hypertension in 1986. Like amlodipine,…
- Aldosterone Antagonists by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:29
  Overview Historically, aldosterone antagonists have been used for their diuretic effects; new scientific research suggests that a significant number of…
- Diuretic Combination Therapies by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:28
  Overview Treatment with a combination of a potassium-sparing diuretic and a thiazide diuretic is used to temper metabolic effects, including thiazide-induced…
- Diuretics by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:27
  Overview Diuretics have been available since the mid 1950s and are predominantly marketed in generic forms. The generic manufacturer Mylan has the largest…
- Hypertension: Current Therapies by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:26
  Pharmacotherapy for hypertension is generally prescribed when a patient's blood pressure (blood pressure) is not adequately controlled by dietary and/or…
- Hypertension: Pathophysiology by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:12
  The Hypertensive State Irrespective of the underlying cause, when a patient becomes hypertensive there is an increase in cardiac output and peripheral…
- Hypertension:Etiology by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:11
  Causes Of Hypertension Essential or idiopathic hypertension is systemic hypertension of unknown cause and accounts for 90-95% of hypertension cases.…
- Hypertension:Etiology and Pathophysiology by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:09
  Blood pressure levels in the world population follow a normal distribution pattern: a small proportion of the population has very high or very low values, and…
- The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:08
  Like the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects both cardiac output and peripheral resistance. Renin is an enzyme…
- Natriuresis by: Cardiologist
  May 11, 2011, 07:07
  The reabsorption of sodium — and hence water — in the kidneys increases blood volume, a problem that can be combated pharmacologically using…
- Making Noise about Hypertension and African Americans by: Cardiologist
  October 12, 2010, 04:09
  People of all races and ethnic groups get high blood pressure, but it is an especially serious problem for African Americans. We know that is true…
- Management of Complicated Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  June 21, 2010, 13:16
  The goals of antihypertensive therapy, to lower the blood pressure to a safe level, reduce LV hypertrophy, and improve other cardiovascular risk factors…
- Systemic Hypertension: Treatment by: Cardiologist
  June 18, 2010, 12:29
  The treatment of hypertension has evolved over the past four decades as knowledge of the natural history, pathophysiology, and risk factors for hypertension as…
- Systemic Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  June 14, 2010, 12:26
  Essentials of Diagnosis Prehypertension: systolic pressure of 120–139 mm Hg or diastolic pressure of 80–90 mm Hg. Stage 1 hypertension: systolic…
- Hypertension Complicating Pregnancy by: Cardiologist
  May 19, 2010, 11:37
  Hypertension in pregnancy requires treatment that balances optimal outcomes for both mother and fetus. Hypertension during pregnancy is the second leading…
- Insulin sensitivity in the pathogenesis of hypertension and hypertensive complications by: Cardiologist
  May 16, 2010, 00:59
  Insulin is the hormone that the pancreas produces to regulate the metabolization of carbohydrates. When we consume foods that contain carbohydrate energy…
- Cardioprotection and antihypertensive therapy by: Cardiologist
  May 13, 2010, 00:49
  The key importance addressing the associated coronary risk factors (The Framingham experience) Hypertension in the United States has apparently been…
Category: Medical Practice (7)
- A hypertensive emergency by: Cardiologist
  November 7, 2010, 14:04
  • outline the risk factors for essential and secondary hypertension; • explain how high blood pressure may damage the body tissues; • outline tests…
- The executive's medical check-up by: Cardiologist
  November 2, 2010, 14:02
  • review mechanisms which control blood pressure (BP) and the ideal range for adult BP; • explain the mechanism of action of agents currently available…
- Preventing heart disease in practice. Case 2 by: Cardiologist
  June 27, 2010, 13:54
  A woman in her forties comes in asking for some patches to help her give up cigarettes. The pharmacist finds out that she is a heavy smoker, 20-30 per day, and…
- Preventing heart disease in practice. Case 1 by: Cardiologist
  June 24, 2010, 13:54
  A man who looks as if he is in his mid-fifties asks to speak to the pharmacist. He says, 'I've been wondering if I should take them junior aspirins. A few of…
- Case: Lipid-lowering agents. Questions - Answers by: Cardiologist
  June 5, 2010, 05:21
  Questions Lovastatin reduces plasma cholesterol by which of the following processes? A. Inhibiting Apo B100 biosynthesis B. Inhibiting cholesterol…
- Case: Lipid-lowering agents. Discusssion by: Cardiologist
  June 4, 2010, 05:17
  Class Drugs that decrease plasma lipids are among the most commonly prescribed today. Some of these affect primarily cholesterol (e.g., the statins) and are…
- Case: Lipid-lowering agents by: Cardiologist
  June 3, 2010, 05:12
  A 60-year-old man with hypertension and type II diabetes comes in for a follow-up visit. Along with making appropriate diet and lifestyle changes, he is taking…
Category: Vasodilators (14)
- Miscellaneous Agents: Hydralazine by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 06:02
  Indication Management of moderate to severe hypertension. Mechanism of Action Hydralazine is a direct-acting vasodilator that exerts its effect on…
- Prostaglandins: Prostaglandin E/Alprostadil by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:58
  Indication Prostaglandin E is used for the temporary maintenance of patency of the ductus arteriosus in neonates with ductal-dependant congenital heart…
- Dopaminergic Receptor Agonist: Fenoldapam by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:56
  Indication Treatment of significant systemic hypertension. I.V. fenoldopam may have advantages over sodium nitroprusside because it causes both a diuresis…
- Systemic Vasodilators: Phenoxybenzamine and Phentolamine Phenoxybenzamine by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:55
  Indication Phenoxybenzamine is a nonspecific, long-acting, a-adrenergic antagonist used in pediatric patients for the treatment of arterial hypertension,…
- Nitrates: Nitroprusside by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:53
  Indication Nitroprusside (also known as sodium nitroprusside) is used in adults to treat hypertensive crises, congestive heart failure, and to reduce systemic…
- Nitrates: Nitroglycerin by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:52
  Indication Nitroglycerin is used in adult patients for both the acute treatment and prophylaxis of angina pectoris and the acute treatment of congestive…
- Calcium Channel Blockers: Nicardipine by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:51
  Indication Nicardipine is used in adults for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. In pediatric patients, it is used predominantly to treat…
- Calcium Channel Blockers: Amlodipine by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:50
  Indication Amlodipine is used in adults for the treatment of angina pectoris and also for hypertension. In pediatric patients, it is used to treat…
- Calcium Channel Blockers: Nifedipine by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:48
  Indication Nifedipine is used in adults for the treatment of angina, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hypertension (extended-release forms of the drug). In…
- Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: Losartan by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:47
  Indication Losartan is used in adults to treat systemic hypertension, diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 2 (noninsulin dependent) diabetes mellitus,…
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitor: Lisinopril by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:46
  Indication Lisinopril is used in adults to treat systemic hypertension and as an adjunctive therapy in patients with congestive heart failure and left…
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors: Enalapril and Enalaprilat by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:45
  Indication Enalapril (oral/enteral administration) is used in adults primarily to treat systemic hypertension, congestive heart failure, asymptomatic left…
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors: Captopril by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:43
  Indication Captopril is used in adults primarily to treat systemic hypertension, congestive heart failure, and left ventricular dysfunction in stable patients…
- Vasodilators by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 05:41
  Pharmacological manipulation of afterload or systemic vascular resistance has become increasingly important in the management of pediatric cardiac patients,…
Category: Disease stories (1)
- DASHing High Blood Pressure by: Cardiologist
  October 6, 2010, 04:04
  You can bring down high blood pressure by changing the way you eat. Just ask Joe Wagner. Wagner's blood pressure was 150/100 two years ago. Now it is…
Category: Care (9)
- Blood pressure treatment plans by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 03:37
  One of the primary purposes of a treatment plan is to bring blood pressure levels down in order to reduce the chances of health-threatening complications, like…
- Taking blood pressure medicine by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 03:37
  For those whose high blood pressure is serious enough to require medication, it is important to remember that changes in diet and lifestyle are also absolutely…
- Monitoring health by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 03:36
  Another important aspect in preventing and treating high blood pressure and other related conditions involves keeping track of and being informed about your…
- Avoiding alcohol and tobacco by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 03:36
  Using alcohol or tobacco to excess can greatly raise blood pressure (and lead to numerous other medical and personal problems). While putting a person at…
- Getting exercise by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 03:35
  Along with eating properly, regular physical activity is the key to losing weight, feeling good, and ensuring better, lifelong health. In addition to lowering…
- Eating properly by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 03:35
  The golden rule for living a long and healthy life is maintaining a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, grains, and fish along with limited amounts…
- Maintaining the right weight by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 03:34
  Over 50% of all Americans are overweight, with 31% classified as "obese." Even more serious is the fact that the percentage of children and adolescents…
- Preventing and controlling high blood pressure by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 03:34
  Although there is still no cure for high blood pressure, it can be effectively controlled through treatment that may involve lifestyle and dietary changes, as…
- Diagnosing high blood pressure by: Cardiologist
  June 20, 2011, 03:33
  The diagnosis for high blood pressure is fairly simple and painless. As previously mentioned, to measure blood pressure, a doctor or nurse wraps a sphygmomanome…
Category: Science. History (2)
- Current lines of research by: Cardiologist
  June 18, 2011, 08:32
  As science, technology, and the field of medicine have advanced over the centuries, so has humankind's understanding about the mysterious nature and…
- The important role of volunteers by: Cardiologist
  June 18, 2011, 08:31
  Researchers and medical science in general would not be able to understand or make inroads against high blood pressure and other diseases without the help of…
Category: Beta Blockers (1)
- β-Adrenergic Blocker Treatment of Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:28
  Pharmacodynamics and Guide to Patient Selection β-Adrenergic receptor blockade is a principal treatment for cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart…
Category: Calcium Antagonists (1)
- Calcium Antagonists by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:29
  Calcium antagonists have been available for study and clinical use since the 1960s. As a class of antihypertensive agents, they are the most heterogeneous in…
Category: Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (1)
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:32
  The angiotensin II receptor antagonists are the most selective blockers of the renin-angiotensin system currently available. The efficacy of these drugs is…
Category: Hypertension Management (10)
- Referring to Hypertension Experts by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:49
  The Hypertension Consultant Detection and treatment of hypertension are the most important interventions, for adult medicine, that are available to prevent…
- Hypertensive Emergencies by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:48
  Hypertensive emergencies and urgencies need prompt diagnosis and management because they may potentiate organ dysfunction and even lead to death if not…
- Refractory Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:47
  Because of widespread treatment of systemic hypertension, true refractory hypertension is somewhat unusual in the current management of hypertensive disorders.…
- Cognitive Disorders and Dementia in Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:45
  Implications for Treatment Dementia or normal aging? Cognitive functions may be defined as mental or "thinking" functions, including all verbal and nonverbal…
- Hypertension and Its Treatment in Concomitant Conditions by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:44
  Degenerative Joint Disease, Depression, Alzheimer Disease, and Parkinson Disease Hypertension occurs in more than 50 million people in the United States, and…
- Treating Angina Pectoris in Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:42
  It is estimated that 13.5 million people in the United States have ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 1.5 million new cases are diagnosed each year. IHD remains…
- Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:41
  The prevalence of hypertension in patients with chronic renal insufficiency from all causes increases linearly as renal function deteriorates, reaching approx…
- Diabetes and Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:40
  Diabetic people are more prone to hypertension than those without this metabolic disorder. More than 3 million people in the United States have both type II…
- Lipid Abnormalities and Hypertension by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:39
  Abnormalities of blood lipids constitute one of the more common risk factors for cardiovascular disease that coexist with systemic arterial hypertension.…
- The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III by: Cardiologist
  August 13, 2011, 10:38
  How Are We Doing with Blood Pressure Control? Untreated and uncontrolled hypertension is a major health problem in the United States. Findings from the Third…

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